Cultivation practices of Mango or Package practices of Mango

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Cultivation practices of mango

             It is known as king of fruits and national fruit of India.Origin:South Asia(India), Botanical name: Mangifera indica, Family:Anacardiaceae, 2n=40, Cross pollination, Botanically fruit: Fleshy Drup, Edible part: Mesocarp, Inflorescence: Terminal Panical, Pollinating agent: House fly
In India it ranks 1st in area ande 2nd in production. It is rich source of vit-A.

climate and soil
Mango can grow on wide variety of soils with good drainage under variable climatic conditions. Black cotton soils having poor drainage are not suitable. It does not prefer well in soils having pH beyond 7.5.
Mango is a tropical fruit, there should not be high humidity, rain or Frost during flowering, the temperature 24 to 27°C, rainfall 25-250 Cm, sunny days and moderate humidity during flowering are ideal. higher temperature during fruit development and maturity gives better quality fruits. 

Varieties 
India is the home of about 1000 varieties. About 20 varieties are grown commercially. They are Alfonso, Kesar, beneshan, Neelam, malgoa, Chausa, langra, Mallika, Amrapali, Ratna, Sindhu, Arka Puneet, Arka Arun, Arka Anmol, Niranjan etc.

Propagation method
Mango is a highly heterozygous and cross pollinated crop and hence, need to propagate vegetatively. such as, approach grafting, softwood grafting, epicotyl or stone grafting.


Production practices
  • Planting systems: square a rectangular 
  • spacing: 10*10 metre is general & 2.5*2.5m for high density planting. 
  • Pits: the main field is brought to find tilth and pits up 1m*1m*1m size are dug and exposed to Sun for 30 days.
  • Season: June-July
  • Planting mixture: Mix 20-15kg FYM with topsoil + biofertilizers+ 100 SSP+100g Neem Cake.
Intercropping 
  • Intercrop can be taken up till 5-6 years of age.
  • Leguminous crops like green gram, black gram etc., cereals like wheat, oilseeds like mustard, session and groundnut vegetables crops such as cabbage, cauliflower, tomato, potato  brinjal, cucumber, pumpkin, bitter gourd etc.

Training training is in important practice during the first few years after planting. It is essential to space the branches properly and to help in intercultural operations.
Flowering and fruit set
Flowers on 1 year old shot; flowering-spring (December January February) maturity needs 12 to 15 weeks, Harvesting march- May; smudging induces early flowering practices in Philippines. Flowers in a panicle 1000-6000.

Growth regulators
NAA @20 ppm is spread at flowering to increase the fruit retention. During February point 0.5% urea (5g/l)or 1% Potassium Nitrate(10g/l) may be sprayed to induce flowering, if trees do not flower by that time. Spraying of 2%KNO3 at mustard size will increase the fruit set and retention of fruits.

Harvesting
The Orchid starts bearing from 6 year onwards and the economic life of mango tree exceeds 35 years mango should be harvested with pedicel.
Usually green and mature mangoes are stored better than raiponce harvested from trees.
Yield-1000-2000 fruits/plant/yr at 10th yr,  on an average, Mango yields 8-9tons/ha.

Storage
The mature green fruits can be stored at room temperature for about 4 to 10 days depending upon the variety. Low temperature 8-16°C, 85-90% relative humidity for different varieties is ideal for storing. Mangos are highly susceptible to low temperature injury. loss of flavor and development of undesirable  Softoning are  major symptoms of chilling injury.


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