Horticulture Crops

Cultivation practices of Grape Botanical name : Vitis vinifera , family: Vitaceae, pollination system: cross pollinated , Cromosome number: 2n=38 , viticulture- cultivation of grapes; Viriculture- study of wine from grapes; Enology- science of wine making. Aroma is due to methyl anthralinate ; Red colour is due to anthocyanin; Influences- panicle , botanically fruit is berry , edible portion Placenta pericarp. Composition and uses Grapes contains sugar as Fructose and glucose. Maleic acid , tartaric acid and citric acid are important organic acids, calcium, potassium, ion and other minerals. It has fairly good amount of Vitamin A and Vitamin C. Fructose is predominant sugar in grapes. Red wine has anticarcinogenic property. Varieties  Beauty seedless, Anab-e-Shahi, Thompson seedless, Bengalore blue, Black champa, Arka sweta, Arka mejestic,Gulabi, sharad seedless etc Soil and climate   Sandy to clayey and loamy soils with good drainage and irrigation facil

Traning and Pruning of fruits crops   Training Training is a done to shape or build a strong   framework   of the trees in order to support maximum crop when plant reaches bearing stage. There are several system of training, especially for dwarf   plantation like spindle bush, dwarf pyramid and cylindrical spindle   etc.,   but modified Centre leader system for up right branching   varieties and open Central system for spreading varieties of temperate fruits are most suitable for standard plantations. MODIFIED   CENTRAL   LEADER   SYSTEM Generally, one - year   -old whip-without a single branch is planted in the dormant season. Immediately after transplanting the tip of the plant is headed back 60 to 75 cm above the ground level. In the following summer, most of the   buds on main branch will sprout. In order to develop clean stem up to 45 cm from the ground the sprouted buds are pinched off soon after their appearance. Three or four well spaced buds projecting in

 Cultivation practices of Sapota Botanical name: Manilkar zapota . Family: Sapotaceae . Origin: Tropical America , 2n=26 , Cross pollinated crop, Evergreen tree, Fruit borne in leaf axils of current season growth., Fruit type: Berry, It is drought tolerant plant . Other names are Sapote, Chiku. Nutrition and uses The food is a good source of and an appreciable source of proteins, fat,, fibre and Minerals , Calcium and Iron. This plant is also known for its latex . These are used as a base material in chewing gum and in some other Industrial Products. Also used in juice, halwas, jam, fruit Jellies preparation. The bark has several medicinal uses, the wood is used for making agricultural implements, building construction, furniture etc. Twings are used for firewood. Rich source of vitamin A and potassium. digestible sugar (12-28%) Climate and soil Sapota, a crop of tropical region , need warm ( 10-38 C ) and humid ( 70% relative humidity), climate where it flowers a

 Cultivation practices of Carnation Carnation is one of the most important cut flower in the international flower trade . Tt's keeping quality wide range of farms, colour, ability to with stand long distance transportation, makes it very popular among growers and traders. Botanical name : Dianthus caryophyllus ,  Family: Caryophyllaceae , 2n=30 , Origin : Mediterrian region. Soil and climate Well drained and red loamy soil with the pH of 6 is most suitable and adequate organic matter content is required for good growth. Carnation are long day plants and requires higher light level to produce good quality flowers. The combinations of 23 -25°C day and 13-15°C night temperature is idea l. The ideal climate for carnation production is cool but stable temperature, low humidity and long days with high light intensity . Varieties Winter cheer, Lady green, Kiss Siga, Indira,  Varna, Pink dona, White tundra etc. Season Planting is done during February -April to get

Cultivation practices of  Banana It is also known as tree of wisdom, tree of paradise, palnt of virtue and apple of paradise. Origin: South East Asia (indo-malayan), humid tropical herb; monocotyledous; monocarpic, herbaceous perennial . Botanical name :Musa sp., Family : Musaceae , 2n=2x22,33,44; Fruit type: Berry, Inflorescence: Spadix.  Distribution  In the world it is being produced in Philippines, Thailand, Uganda, Bangladesh, Australia, etc. India ,it stands 3rd in area and 1st in production. India is the largest producer of banana in the world. Nutrition and uses   Banana is a nutritious gold mine. They are high in Vitamin B6 which helps fight infection and is essential for the synthesis of hemoglobin. They are also rich in potassium and carbohydrates and a great source of fibre .    Mature and ripened fruits for table purpose immature fruits soda stem and inflorescence as vegetables used in chips soft drinks jam etc. Varieties  Poovan, Grand Nine(